How to Read a Child Growth Chart During School Age
A child growth chart for ages 5 to 20 works the same basic way as earlier growth charts: the percentile shows where one measurement sits relative to same-age, same-sex CDC reference data. But school-age reading needs more patience because the curve often looks quiet for years and then changes faster during puberty. A child who has tracked near the 25th percentile for height can still be growing normally, and a child near the 75th percentile is not automatically healthier. What matters most is whether the pattern remains internally consistent over time. If you want the broad primer behind these percentile lines, start with the growth percentile guide.
Height and Weight Percentiles for Ages 5 to 20
Height percentile and weight percentile answer different questions. Height is usually the clearest long-run signal of growth tempo, while weight is more sensitive to appetite, illness, activity, and puberty-related body composition changes. A child can look ordinary on one measure and very different on the other without that automatically meaning something is wrong. The tables below summarize large reference rows for boys and girls so families can see how the lower, median, and upper CDC bands widen across late childhood and the teen years.
Boys CDC height and weight reference rows
School-age and teen CDC reference values for boys ages 5 to 20.
| Age | Height P3 | Height P50 | Height P97 | Weight P3 | Weight P50 | Weight P97 |
|---|
| 5 years | 102 | 109.2 | 116.4 | 15.3 | 18.3 | 23.1 |
| 6 years | 107.7 | 115.5 | 123.3 | 16.8 | 20.5 | 26.6 |
| 7 years | 113 | 121.7 | 130.4 | 18.3 | 22.9 | 30.9 |
| 8 years | 118.4 | 128 | 137.6 | 20 | 25.6 | 36.9 |
| 9 years | 123.5 | 133.3 | 143.5 | 22 | 28.6 | 44 |
| 10 years | 129.7 | 138.5 | 149.5 | 24.3 | 32.2 | 50.4 |
| 11 years | 134.2 | 143.5 | 155.2 | 26.8 | 36 | 58.1 |
| 12 years | 139.9 | 149.1 | 162.3 | 29.9 | 40.7 | 65.1 |
| 13 years | 147.2 | 156.5 | 169.8 | 34 | 46.3 | 73.1 |
| 14 years | 152.1 | 163.8 | 176.7 | 38.2 | 52 | 79.6 |
| 15 years | 157.5 | 169 | 181.2 | 43.1 | 57.5 | 85.7 |
| 16 years | 161.1 | 173.3 | 184.4 | 46.4 | 61.4 | 88.5 |
| 17 years | 163.2 | 175.2 | 186.2 | 49.3 | 64.6 | 91.2 |
| 18 years | 164.9 | 176.5 | 187.3 | 51.8 | 67.2 | 93 |
| 20 years | 165.6 | 177 | 187.6 | 54.4 | 70 | 95.7 |
Girls CDC height and weight reference rows
School-age and teen CDC reference values for girls ages 5 to 20.
| Age | Height P3 | Height P50 | Height P97 | Weight P3 | Weight P50 | Weight P97 |
|---|
| 5 years | 101.1 | 108.4 | 115.7 | 14.5 | 17.9 | 23.3 |
| 6 years | 106.7 | 114.6 | 122.7 | 15.9 | 20.2 | 27 |
| 7 years | 111.8 | 120.6 | 129.5 | 17.4 | 22.8 | 31.8 |
| 8 years | 117.3 | 127.3 | 137.5 | 19.1 | 25.6 | 37.5 |
| 9 years | 122.5 | 133.4 | 144.8 | 21.3 | 29 | 44.9 |
| 10 years | 128.2 | 138.6 | 150.1 | 23.3 | 32.5 | 52.1 |
| 11 years | 134.2 | 144.8 | 156.2 | 26.5 | 36.9 | 60.3 |
| 12 years | 140.1 | 151.5 | 162.7 | 29.4 | 41.5 | 65.8 |
| 13 years | 145.2 | 157.1 | 167.8 | 33.1 | 46.1 | 71.4 |
| 14 years | 149 | 159.5 | 169.8 | 36.4 | 50.3 | 76.2 |
| 15 years | 150.5 | 161 | 171.2 | 39.1 | 53.5 | 79.8 |
| 16 years | 151.8 | 162.5 | 172.8 | 41.5 | 55.8 | 81.9 |
| 17 years | 152.2 | 163 | 173.2 | 43.1 | 57.3 | 83.4 |
| 18 years | 152.4 | 163.1 | 173.4 | 43.9 | 58 | 84.5 |
| 20 years | 152.6 | 163.3 | 173.6 | 44.7 | 59 | 85.8 |
Reference values from CDC 2000 Growth Charts. All values are approximate. Individual variation is normal; consult a clinician for interpretation.
BMI Percentile for School-Age Children and Teens
BMI-for-age matters more in this age range because it helps frame weight in relation to standing height and age. That does not mean child BMI should be read like adult BMI. Pediatric BMI is percentile-based, and the same raw BMI can mean different things at age 7, 12, or 16. During growth spurts, BMI can shift even when nothing is clinically wrong because height and weight do not change at exactly the same speed. The most useful read comes from looking at BMI together with height percentile, weight percentile, and growth stage. For a deeper BMI-only explainer, use the BMI calculator for kids guide.
| BMI percentile | Category | Meaning |
|---|
| Below P5 | Underweight | Lower BMI-for-age screening range. Persistent readings deserve follow-up in clinical context. |
| P5-P85 | Healthy Weight | Typical BMI-for-age range for most school-age children and teens. |
| P85-P95 | Overweight | Higher-than-expected BMI range that needs trend-based interpretation rather than one isolated judgment. |
| P95 and above | Obese | Higher-risk BMI screening band where pediatric follow-up is usually recommended. |
Growth Stages from Age 5 to 20
School-age and teen growth should be read in phases. A steady elementary-school pattern can look very different from an early-puberty or late-teen pattern, which is why percentile interpretation becomes more nuanced after age 10.
| Stage | Typical age | Growth pattern |
|---|
| Late preschool to early school age | 5-6 years | Growth is usually steady at about 5 to 6 cm per year, and body shape often starts to look longer and leaner. |
| Early school age | 6-9 years | This is often the most stable growth phase, and many children hold a similar percentile channel for several years. |
| Pre-puberty | Girls 9-11, boys 11-13 | The first signs of acceleration may appear, especially in weight and body composition, even before the main height spurt is obvious. |
| Peak puberty | Girls 11-13, boys 13-15 | This is often the fastest height-gain phase, and some children add 6 to 12 cm in a year while BMI and weight shift at a different pace. |
| Late puberty | Girls 13-16, boys 15-18 | Height gain slows, weight may keep rising, and body composition becomes more sex-specific as adolescence progresses. |
| Late adolescence | 16-20 years | Height is usually close to stable, but weight and body composition can still keep adjusting toward adult patterns. |
Puberty and the Growth Chart — What Changes and When
Puberty is the biggest reason a child growth chart can look dramatic after years of relative stability. Height can accelerate first, then weight may catch up later, or the reverse can happen. Some children look temporarily leaner during a fast height spurt, while others show a higher BMI percentile before height catches up. Puberty also changes appetite, sleep, activity, and body composition. A chart that suddenly looks more dynamic at age 11 to 15 is not automatically abnormal. The key question is whether the child's tempo still makes sense for the wider puberty picture.
Boys vs Girls Growth Patterns Ages 5 to 20
Boys and girls do not follow the same average timetable. Girls often begin puberty earlier and may move up the height curve sooner, while boys often peak later and continue growing longer into the teen years. BMI patterns can diverge too because girls often add body fat normally during puberty while boys often gain more visible lean mass. That is why this page keeps sex-specific CDC references and why detailed sex-based pages can be useful when families want a more tailored explanation. You can compare those routes in the boys growth chart and girls growth chart.
| Measure | Girls | Boys |
|---|
| Puberty usually begins | About 10-11 years | About 12-13 years |
| Peak height spurt | About 11-12 years | About 13-14 years |
| Near-adult height | About 14-16 years | About 17-19 years |
| Puberty body-composition change | Body fat normally increases | Lean mass and muscle usually increase more |
| Typical P50 adult height | About 163 cm | About 177 cm |
When a Child Growth Chart Deserves Closer Attention
It is reasonable to look more closely when height or weight crosses several major percentile channels, when BMI keeps trending in a new direction, or when the chart no longer fits the child's puberty stage or family pattern. Extra context also matters when chart changes happen alongside fatigue, long illness, feeding issues, delayed puberty, very early puberty, or other symptoms. The calculator helps flag patterns, but it cannot explain every cause. It is a screening and education tool, not a medical diagnosis.
Watch the trend
Repeated movement across two or more major percentile bands matters more than one isolated swing.
Match the stage
A puberty-timed shift may be expected; a similar shift far outside the expected stage deserves more review.
Use clinician context
Symptoms, family history, medications, chronic illness, and development history all change the interpretation.